Statement of Affairs explained: the 75-day filing every UK administration produces

By the administrator.uk editorial teamLast reviewed

A Statement of Affairs is the directors' sworn statement of what the company owns and what it owes, signed on a statement of truth and filed at Companies House (form AM02) within 75 days of the administrator's appointment. It is the first authoritative figure for how much money the company is actually short, and it sets the expectation creditors should hold for the rest of the case.

The rest of this page is how to read it: what each line means, what the numbers look like across 109 parsed UK Statements of Affairs in our dataset, and how to read whether a case is going to pay a dividend or not. If your customer is in liquidation rather than administration the equivalent filing is the liquidator's statement; the creditor mechanics are covered on our liquidation creditor page.

In one minute
  • Form AM02 in England and Wales; Form 3.30 in Scotland. Filed at Companies House within 75 days of appointment.
  • Signed by the directors, on a statement of truth. Not the administrator.
  • Five money lines matter: assets for preferential creditors, assets for floating-charge holders, assets for unsecured creditors, deficiency to unsecured creditors, total deficiency as regards members.
  • Median total deficiency across our parsed sample is about £3.6m, with the middle half of cases between roughly £1m and £11m.
  • Nearly half of SoAs (~48 percent) show zero or negative assets available to unsecured creditors before the prescribed part is applied.
  • Asset figures shift. Compare the SoA to later progress reports (AM10) for actual realisations.
Anatomy of the form

What an AM02 actually contains

The Statement of Affairs is a four-column accounting summary. Down the left are the categories of asset and liability. Across the top are the values: book value, estimated realisable value, claims by class. The summary at the bottom is what creditors and the administrator look at first.

The asset section

Assets are listed by class: assets specifically pledged (with the secured creditor identified); other assets (debtors, stock, plant, intellectual property, cash). For each, two numbers: the book value and the estimated realisable value. The estimate is the directors' best guess at what the asset would fetch in an orderly sale during the administration. Routinely turns out to be optimistic once the auctioneer's hammer comes down.

The liability section

Liabilities are listed in priority order. Fixed-charge creditors (with the specific assets they hold security over). Preferential creditors, split into ordinary (employees, broadly capped at four months of wages and accrued holiday pay) and secondary (HMRC, for PAYE, employee NICs, and VAT, since the Finance Act 2020). Floating-charge creditors. Then the unsecured class: trade creditors, HMRC for corporation tax, the directors' loan accounts if any, all sitting pari passu.

The summary lines

Five numbers at the bottom of the form are the ones to read.

Estimated total assets available for preferential creditors
What is left for employees and HMRC after fixed-charge holders take their slice. If this is negative, employees and HMRC are looking at a partial recovery or nothing.
Estimated total assets available for floating-charge holders
What is left for the bank's floating charge after the preferential creditors are paid. Usually a small fraction of what the bank advanced.
Estimated total assets available for unsecured creditors
What might be left for trade creditors before the prescribed part is applied. Most often zero, often negative. The median in our dataset is around £500.
Estimated deficiency as regards creditors
How much the company is short of paying its creditors in full. The shortfall the trade creditor class is facing.
Estimated total deficiency as regards members
The bottom of the form. Total assets minus total liabilities, with the shareholders' (members') position included. The single headline figure for how much the company is in the hole.
What the numbers usually look like

From 109 parsed UK Statements of Affairs

We OCR every AM02 we can get from Companies House and parse the figures with a label-anchored extractor (about a 77 percent extraction rate across 141 attempted filings at parser v4). The numbers below are medians and quartiles from the cleanly-parsed subset.

Median total deficiency
£3.6m
middle of the sample
Median shortfall to unsecured
£2.4m
trade-creditor gap
Largest in the sample
£279m
BrewDog Retail Ltd

The distribution is heavily right-skewed. The middle 50 percent of cases sit between roughly £1m and £11.5m of declared total deficiency; the long tail runs into hundreds of millions for the largest household-name failures. The smallest declared deficiencies in our sample are well under £100k: small owner-managed companies where the gap is real but contained.

The line that matters most to a trade creditor is the third one down: estimated total assets available for unsecured creditors. About 48 percent of parsed SoAs report zero or a negative figure on that line, before the prescribed part is applied. The unsecured creditor's realistic recovery in those cases comes entirely from the prescribed part: up to £800,000 ringfenced from floating-charge realisations under the Insolvency Act 1986 (Prescribed Part) Order 2003, divided pari passu across every unsecured creditor on the register.

Worked examples

Four real UK Statements of Affairs

Each of these is a parsed AM02 from Companies House. Click through to the per-company page for the full breakdown and the link to the original PDF on Companies House.

  • Koko Networks (UK) Ltd

    Total declared deficiency £127m. Assets available to unsecured creditors £254k. Shortfall to unsecured creditors £127m. The UK arm of an African clean-cooking energy business; shows how a multinational venture-backed failure looks on the form.

  • Obscuro Ltd

    Total declared deficiency £4.9m. Assets to unsecured creditors £10k. Shortfall to unsecured creditors £2.96m. A typical mid-sized administration: assets are thin, the gap to the unsecured class is most of the picture.

  • Freight Movement Ltd

    Total declared deficiency £1.09m. Assets to unsecured creditors negative £650k. The unsecured class is owed £1.05m more than the company can pay. Shows the pattern where preferential and floating-charge claims absorb everything and unsecured creditors are left with the shortfall.

  • JM Wholesale Ltd

    Total declared deficiency £799k. Assets to unsecured creditors £66.5k. The smaller end: a wholesale business where the administrator declared a sub-£1m gap and a five-figure pool potentially available to trade creditors.

How to read it

Three questions to ask the form

  1. How big is the total deficiency relative to the company? A £4m deficiency at a company that turned over £20m last year is a different story to the same deficiency at a company that turned over £500k. Read the SoA alongside the company's last filed accounts (also on Companies House) for context on whether this is a manageable hole or a complete collapse.
  2. How much is in the bucket for unsecured creditors? The third summary line. If it is zero or negative, the trade-creditor recovery is going to come from the prescribed part only, divided pari passu across whoever submits a proof. That figure is capped at £800,000 across the whole unsecured class.
  3. What is the secured-creditor position? A company with a large fixed charge over its main asset (a property, a piece of plant, a brand) is usually a company where the bank takes most of the realisations. Look for the floating-charge holder in the liability section: that single creditor often determines whether anything is left for the unsecured class once the floating charge is paid out.
Read the SoA when it lands

The day the AM02 hits Companies House, your recovery picture changes.

Until the Statement of Affairs is filed, creditors only have the administrator's first letter. After it lands, you have a sworn figure for what the company is actually short. If the assets-for-unsecured line is zero and the total deficiency is large, you know what to write off; if it is positive and the deficiency is contained, your proof of debt is worth the postage.

Confirmed is free: add up to five customers or suppliers, and you get an email the day one of them goes into administration. Protect adds liquidation, strike-off, and the earlier warning signs, across an unlimited number of companies.

Frequently asked

Common questions about the AM02

What is a Statement of Affairs in a UK administration?
A sworn statement, signed by one or more of the company's directors, that lists the company's assets and liabilities at the date the administrator was appointed. It is the company's own declared figure for how much it owns and how much it owes, broken down by class of creditor. The administrator uses it to prepare the proposals and the eventual distribution to creditors. In England and Wales it is filed at Companies House as form AM02. Scotland uses the equivalent Form 3.30.
When is the Statement of Affairs filed?
Within 75 days of the administrator's appointment, by Rule 3.30 of the Insolvency (England and Wales) Rules 2016. The administrator can ask the court to extend the deadline if the directors cannot get the figures together in time. In our dataset, about 76 percent of administrations file the SoA within the 75-day window; the median company files at around day 47.
Who actually signs the Statement of Affairs?
The directors of the company, on a statement of truth. The signing director swears to the figures and could be held liable for knowingly false statements. The administrator does not sign; they receive the statement, may comment on it in their proposals, and file it at Companies House.
What does "total deficiency as regards members" mean?
The single bottom-line figure on the form. It is the total amount the company is short, across every class of creditor and shareholder, at the date of the administrator's appointment. Members in this context means shareholders, who sit last in the priority queue. A total deficiency of, say, £4 million means the company owes about £4 million more than the value of everything it owns.
What does "assets available to unsecured creditors" mean?
The estimated pool of money that, after fixed-charge holders, administrator's costs, preferential creditors (employees and HMRC), and floating-charge holders have taken their share, is left for distribution to unsecured trade creditors. In nearly half the SoAs we've parsed (about 48 percent), this figure is zero or negative: there is nothing for unsecured creditors before the prescribed part is taken into account. The median across the sample is around £500.
What is the prescribed part?
A statutory slice of floating-charge realisations ringfenced for unsecured creditors. Set by section 176A of the Insolvency Act 1986 and the Insolvency Act 1986 (Prescribed Part) Order 2003 (as amended in 2020). The current cap is £800,000. The administrator calculates the prescribed part on top of the SoA's headline assets-for-unsecured figure: even where the SoA shows zero for unsecured creditors, the prescribed part can produce a small dividend.
What if there is no Statement of Affairs on Companies House?
Three possibilities. The 75-day deadline hasn't expired yet, so the SoA is on its way. The administrator has applied for and been granted an extension by the court. Or the case is older and the SoA was filed before the form numbering changed (pre-2016 cases used forms 2.14B and 2.15B). About 80 percent of recent UK administrations end up with a filed SoA; the rest are either pre-pack cases where the administrator declined to require one or cases where the directors did not cooperate.
How accurate are Statement of Affairs figures?
They are the directors' best estimate at the date of appointment, on a statement of truth, but they are not audited. Asset values are routinely written down by the administrator once realisations begin (a piece of plant carried in the accounts at £100,000 may sell for £20,000). The deficiency figures are usually a more reliable picture than the asset figures, because the company knows what it owes its creditors better than it knows what its plant will fetch at auction. Compare the SoA to the administrator's later progress reports for the actual realisations.
Where is the SoA law set out?
Schedule B1 paragraph 47 of the Insolvency Act 1986 (the requirement to obtain a statement); Rule 3.30 of the Insolvency (England and Wales) Rules 2016 (the procedural detail and the 75-day deadline); Rules 3.30 to 3.34 (verification, extension, and limited disclosure). Scotland uses the Insolvency (Scotland) (Company Voluntary Arrangements and Administration) Rules 2018, Form 3.30.
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